TV Ownership

 22/01/25

TV Ownership

7 media industries/sectors:

• Television
• Film
• Radio
• Magazine
• Newspapers
• Video games 
• Advertising and marketing 

Identify (1 mark)

Explain (2 mark)

Analyse (12-16 marks)

Discuss (12-20 mark)

Why do we pay a television license fee?

BBC cost 169.50 - 174.50

By paying the BBC licence fee the public has a right to demand and expect particular programmes and quality programmes 

Types of programmes on BBC:

• News 
• Educational programmes 
• Documentaries- panoramas 
• Soap operas and cuffs
• BBC films 
• Lifestyle
• Entertainment 
• Quiz shows / game shows 
• Sports coverage 

Types of programmes on ITV:

• Reality 
• Entertainment 
• Action drama 
• Sports coverage 
• News 
• Soap operas 

Similarities and differences between BBC and ITV terms of programmes output:

SIMILARITIES:

• Soap operas
• Drama 
• Sports 
• News 
• Entertainment 

DIFFERENCES:

• No adverts on bbc 
• More variety on bbc 
• BBC have educational and documentaries 
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BBC

- bbc aren’t allowed to show nay ducts on their television shows (all labels are removed) 

PSB - public service broadcasting - made for the public no advertisement - aim to improve society by informing viewers - strive to entertain their  viewers 

PSB requirements/ remit 

• Reflect the diversity of the uk 
• Programmes must be distinctive original and not clones or rebroadcasts of American TV shows 
• Programmes must inform viewers 

Remit - responsibility/promise of a programme 

BBC remit - enrich peoples lives with programmes and services that inform educate and entertain and reflect the UK, culture and value to the world 

75% BBC’s funding is from to licensee - 169.50 going p to 

25% comes from cook book radio magazine (commercial activities) 

ITV 

- launched in 1955, oldest commercial network in the UK 

- provide popular shows that attract an audience - therefore leading to higher prices when advertising is sold

-commercial to as well as sky 

-advertising sponsors product placement 

Explain how a public service company operates differently to a commercial company 

A PSB company promises to enrich peoples lives with programmes and services that it will inform educate and entertain and reflect the uk, culture and value to the world such as the BBC. Whereas a commercial network such as ITV provides popular shows that attract an audience therefore leading to higher prices when advertising is sold. 

Bbbc is a cross media organisation - one of the largest in Europe 

This is vertically and horizontally integrated 

Vertical integration - in which a media company has the ability to control the production, distribution and exchange of a product 

Horizontal inter gratin - in which a media conglomerate company has a number of subsidiaries companies (whereby it has bought shares in another company or actually buys them out) that are used to support the marketing of its products

Conglomerate - large media company that has small companies beneath it (subsidiary’s) e.g. dish plus Disney euro Disney 

BBC is a media conglomerate - BBC worldwide, merchandise brand, publishing, radio and film 

To be horizontally integrated means to work with other companies within the conglomerate 

Vertical Integration Advantages:

• Keep control
• Products can be highest quality 
• Keep all profits 
• Using all resources own - cheaper 
• Freedom in product development 
• Competitive 
• Reduces costs 
• Increased profits 

Vertical Integration Disadvantages:

• Can’t diversity into different services
• Pressure 
• High initial costs 
• Difficulty of no outside ideas
• Lack of expertise in certain areas
• Too much to focus on 

Horizontally Integration Advantages:

• Maximise profit 
• Working with other companies within
• Good contacts - relationships 
• Access to an increased market share 
• Expanding customer audience base
• Market dominance work with competitors

Horizontally Integration Disadvantages: 

• More responsibility of products 
• Expensive 
• Legal issues 
• Higher costs 
• Increased financial risks
• Creative challenges 

BBC Case Study: BBC Earth 

Documentary which is a subscription television channel featuring premium factual programming. The channel is wholly owned and operated by BBC studios 

BBC earth consists of:

• Documentaries - planet earth, blue planet, frozen planet
• Podcasts - BBC earth podcast 
• YouTube channel 
• Website 
• BBC Experience 
• BBC earth kids 

BBC earth is a brand with its own identity which stands out particular

Synergy - when a company/producer makes a connection with another company or a different part of the same company to make a product that benefits all involved (companies that are both vertically and horizontally integrated can create synergy across their output) e.g. McDonalds and their happy meal toys 

The BBC works with other companies to promote its products, BBC earth - therefore works in synergy 

PUT SCREENSHOT HERE 

As well as advertising through the main website, sir David Attenborough had his own dedicated section of the website. Here, it promotes a lot of BBC earth products. Also have a dedicated YouTube channel this means synergy is working here bc bbc earth is working with different social media channels. 

BBC earth and BBC iPlayer are interactive allows fans to watch trailers and learn more about BBC earth franchise full episodes are available via a link to BBC iPlayer 

Podcast are available - apple Spotify and google podcasts 

Instead of viewing the documentary audiences can listen to a BBC earth podcasts on apple or Spotify 

- this captures another audience 

- very good example of the BBCC working in synergy with apple or spotify

Merchandising 

- a range of merchandise is available to buy from the BBC earth store, via their website 

- bbc earth and John Lewis make re useable bags

Explain one way that horizontal integration can contribute to the cross of synergy. Use examples form media institutions or products to support your answer (3)

- horizontal integration is the process in which a large media company has several different comapanies beneath it. An example of a company that is horizontally integrated is the BBC when producing and promoting BBC earth, the television side of the BBC has worked in synergy with BBC publishing. This demonstrates the process of synergy because the BBC and BBC earth work together to promote and come out with BBC earth programmes.

Home work

• Television, film, and video game companies seem to come out of the woodwork in today’s startup-centric economy.
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THE BIG SIX 

NA’s huge collection of properties is staggering. Whether they own a company entirely, possess majority shares, or even own minority voting shares, the scope of NA’s reach is enormous for a company that’s known less than its subsidiaries. 

Disney is probably the most well-known media name on this list. The company has a hand in just about every medium in the world from children’s cinema to sports.

If that happens, ATandT will acquire everything below and more. In the meantime, let’s take a more in-depth look at TimeWarner and what it owns.

Comcast is one of the few remaining Internet service providers in the United States. They also provide cable television and phone services to residential and business customers. In 2013, Comcast expanded its reach into entertainment by purchasing NBC and pretty much all of its properties.

News Corp is the media conglomerate best known for its line of Fox companies.

Those include Fox News, FX, and pretty much every other company with the name “Fox” in it. The company generated more than $33 billion in 2012, and it controls a huge number of print products compared to other media conglomerates. To get a better grasp of News Corp, let’s check out their CEO Rupert Murdoch.

Sony is one of the oldest companies on this list since it was founded in 1946. It also has one of the most recent CEO changes. In 2012, Kazuo Hirai became CEO of the entire corporation, which might be the most well-known electronics brand on the planet. But Sony is so much more than an electronics company

Disney own Essen, abc, Pixar, marvel Lucas film and more 

The most famous assets of National Amusements are almost all Viacom and CBS properties. Combined, they make up the lion’s share of NA’s television and film acquisitions.