Newspapers Ownership

 28/03/25

Newspapers

The sun - tabloid - pictures 

The independent - broadsheet - more words more formal 

Tabloids informal language more images gossip celebrities sports coverage competitions cheaper news values are low SOFT 

B-road sheets based politics current affairs serious events information more text than images formal language in depth journalism telegraph Sunday conservative times Sunday times labour who Murdock wants to please independent guardian centre left moderate HARD 

Key words bias mediation-manipulated the process everything goes through before reaches audience choose what part of story they want to show changes story cropping 

Ownership 

The Independent - by Alexander Lebedev Publisher Independent Print LTD (independent, independent on Sunday and i)  Now online format only release online no longer print 

Why independent went online:

• not able to sell printed copies - loosing money 
• Cheaper, cost effective 
• Read online you must subscribe 
• Subscriptions generate revenue 
• More advertising revenue 
• Readership - middle class, older, upper class, well-informed, educated, professional social grade C1:B Readership - total number of people who read a publication 
• Psychographics - driven successor achiever 

The Sun - part of American mass media conglomerate- news corp Rupert Murdoch executive chairman - news uk - the sun, the times, the Sunday times previously owned the news of the world - before phone hacking scandal 

News corp own - news corp Australia , news uk, dal jones, the Australian, foxtail all fox the sun 

Leveson Inquiry - journalists accused illegally hacking into peoples phones, emails and voicemails of celebrities politicians and civilians shared content in newspapers without consent led to stricter regulation bodies 

Marketing and Distribution: 

Independent finished print in 2016 - launched free newspapers to attract audience now owned by JPI media 

Pop up - 66 pound subscription down to 1 pound 

Sun - TV adverts 

• Sun savers advert- giving you cash 
• Free money - cash more desirable - incentive 
• Personal identity - two men manual worker money more important - connection if he can win i can doesn’t have to be someone special ore important 
• House average - personal identity 
• Sun gossips and that what they are doing 
• Informal like their newspaper 
• Iconography pound sign bold font 
• Straight forward simple access and navigation 

Yoho bingo 

• Male dominant pirates 
• Appeal target audience - male gaze theory looking at the women 
• Everyone can play bingo 

Above the line - billboard 

• Obvious and apparent shows informal tone 
• Catchy icon showing the readily available newspaper comes out everyday 

Decoding Papers - Reception Theory

Decoding (looking at papers)

Stuart Hall - preferred/negotiated/oppositional:

• Preferred - this is when audiences respond to the product the way media producers want/expect them to 
• Negotiated -this’ is when audiences respond member of the audience partly agrees with the part of the product e.g. film, documentary, TV programme 
• Oppositional- this is when the audience are in complete disagreement with the product’s message or setting 

Preferred - they will respond in sympathy with Gabriel and sadness becasue he wont be able to play for a while due to injury

Textual Analysis 

Picture led instead of word led reflects target audience 

Main article is big text words such as colloquial “sex” and “Andy”

Audience:

Sun - white van man - C2DE, male, 35+ (predominately)

Explain two interpretations that could be made about the target audience of the daily express (4 marks) 

One interpretation of the daily express target audience is that it is targeted for an older demographic than 34 year olds as only 59 people in age category of 15-34 read the daily express. Another interpretation is that more women read the newspaper than men as 433 women read it compared to 412 men. 

Identify two differences in the readership of the daily telegraph and the guardian (2 marks)

One difference in readership is that more people read the daily telegraph than the guardian. Another difference in readership is that. The guardians predominate readership is women and the daily telegraph is men.

Pamco - publishers audience measurement company - is the governing body which oversees audience measurement for the published media industry

- the spoke to 45.6 million people 17% used computer 9% use tablet

IPSO - independent press standards organisation - introduced in 2014, replacing the press complaints commission, they regulate the content of all press (newspapers) and magazine copy 

Ipso’s role is to regulate the press in the UK by handling complaints from the public. It makes sure newspapers follow ethical guidelines, like the Editors' Code of Practice. Ipso upholds complaints when there are breaches, but also helps publishers resolve issues. This encourages newspapers to act responsibly and maintain public trust. In short, Ipso ensures the press is accountable and operates fairly.

The worst offenders for press complaints in 2015 were:

1. **News UK** (publisher of *The Sun*, *The Times*) – **11 upheld complaints**.

2. **Northern & Shell** (publisher of *The Daily Express*, *The Daily Star*) – **10 upheld complaints**.

3. **Telegraph Media Group** and **Trinity Mirror** – **9 upheld complaints** each.

**Associated Newspapers** (publisher of *The Daily Mail*) had the fewest, with only **2 upheld complaints**.